菲律宾本土鱼类和渔业的减少,以及湖泊和河流水产养殖的兴起
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摘要
本文评估了菲律宾湖泊和河流的生物多样性,渔业,异国情调的鱼类和水产养殖的历史和最近的数据。该国的湖泊和河流在原发性淡水鱼中较差,因为菲律宾唯一的与亚洲大陆的联系曾经通过婆罗洲,苏利群岛,思维棉兰岛,帕拉瓦和Mindoro之间的土地桥梁 - 在哪个岛屿地方鲤鱼进化。菲律宾湖泊和河流改用次淡水鱼,如鹅卵石,迁徙海洋鱼类,如Mullets,以及一些蜗牛,蛤蜊和虾。大多数湖泊和河流受到严重堕落的,他们的生物多样性减少了淤积,污染,过度捕捞和来自其他国家或其他地方的异国鱼类的建立。近年来,1910年至1940年,菲律宾首先在菲律宾首次描述的许多鱼类尚未收集到菲律宾。20世纪60年代初的拉古纳德湾渔业在很大程度上依赖于“Ayungin”的Therapon Plumbeus,'Biyang Puti'Glossogobius Giurus,以及共同组成的'Kanduli'Arius Manilensis占8.3,000吨的95%的95%;另外19,000毫秒来自虾和245,000米的蜗牛。钓鱼和蜗牛疏浚如此激烈,捕获捕捞量下降,整个湖泊渔业大约在1970年崩溃了。崩溃后,湖泊的主要生产增加,百日鱼和罗非鱼成为水产养殖的自然选择。Laka Laana湖因其18个特有鲤鱼的物种群而闻名,但这些目前灭绝,除了可能的两个物种。1963年,这些鲤鱼贡献了981吨到渔业,其他原生鱼269吨,虾和蜗牛257米,并引入了鱼类479吨。 Twenty years later, endemic carps have made up only 92 mt, native fishes 141 mt, shrimps and snails 164 mt, and introduced fishes 312 mt of the harvest from the lake. The 'kadurog' G. giurus, probably stocked in the lake with milkfish larvae in 1955, proliferated in the 1960s and apparently drove the endemic carps to extinction. The 'katolong' Hypseleotris agilis was first seen in the lake in 1977 and has since outcompeted the 'kadurog'. In Lakes Taal and Naujan, migratory marine fishes have been caught by fish corrals set across the outlets, but the catch along Pansipit River has fallen since the turn of the century and that in Butas River fell from 62 mt in 1977 to 17 mt in 1983. Catches of the endemic sardine Harengula tawilis in Lake Taal fluctuated between 4,400 mt in 1983 to 11,300 mt in 1990 and 1,400 mt in 1994. Cage culture of tilapia and milkfish has been going on in Lake Taal for 10 years. In Lakes Buhi and Bato, the endemic 'sinarapan' Mistichthys luzonensis almost disappeared due to fine-net fishing and tilapia stocking; catches have been 50-90 mt in 1983-93 but zero in 1994.
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建议引用
Bagarinao,T. U.(2001)。菲律宾湖泊和河流水产养殖的衰落和水产养殖的衰落(摘要)。在C.B.Santiago,M.L.Cuvin-Aralar&Z. U. Basiao(EDS),菲律宾湖泊的保护和生态管理与渔业和水产养殖有关(第151页)。Tigbauan,Iloilo,菲律宾:水产养殖部门,东南亚渔业开发中心;LosBaños,Laguna,菲律宾:菲律宾水生和海洋研发委员会(PCAMRD),科学和技术部;菲律宾奎松市:菲律宾奎松市农业部渔业和水产资源(BFAR)。