提高菲律宾乳鱼生产效率的替代喂养策略
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摘要
在菲律宾,在海洋环境中饲养乳鱼的网箱正在增加。这种做法采用较高的饲养密度,并大量投入人工饲料,这往往导致过量饲养,从而导致接收水域的营养负荷过高,加剧了污染问题。这可能导致了海洋乳鱼养殖集群地区周期性的鱼类死亡。奶鱼养殖费用的60%可归因于饲料成本。为了在不影响生长和产量的前提下减少饲料投入,进行了一系列试验。在第一个实验中,我们在有水流系统的水箱环境中,比较了每天喂食、隔日喂食和2周或4周交替饥饿和再喂食的乳鱼的生长情况。结果表明,隔日喂食的乳鱼不如每天喂食的乳鱼生长好。限制饵料2周后再投喂2周的鱼的平均体重(ABW)与每日投喂的鱼的平均体重(ABW)无显著差异。另一项实验比较了鱼的生长情况,分别给予相当于10%体重(通常做法)或7.5%体重的饲料。结果表明:日饲喂和2周周期限饲对鱼的生长、最终ABW和生物量均无显著影响。 Thus, a lower feeding ration can be given to milkfish without compromising yield. Results of the tank experiments were verified in actual marine cage and brackishwater pond production systems using an initial feeding rate of 7.5% rather than 10% ABW. In the experiment in cages, survival rates between the control fish and the groups subjected to cycles of 2-week starvation followed by 2 weeks of normal feeding were comparable, except for one replicate of the starved-refed group where survival rate was very low (38.78%). After 3 cycles of starvation and refeeding, weight gain in the starved-refed groups were generally lower than in the control groups, which may suggest that small-sized fish cannot adapt very well to periodic starvation. In brackishwater ponds, growth, survival and total biomass at harvest was comparable between milkfish fed daily and those fed on alternate days. Hence, FCR was lower in the milkfish fed on alternate days compared to fish fed daily. On the other hand, survival was very low in fish subjected to 2 cycles of 2 weeks starvation followed by 4 weeks of normal feeding. These results suggest that as in tilapia, alternate day feeding can be adopted to milkfish culture in brackishwater ponds without compromising production while at the same time lowering production cost and environmental impact. Overall, these studies provide two practical strategies, reduced ration size and alternate day feeding, to improve production efficiency of milkfish, the largest finfish aquaculture industry in the Philippines.
建议引用
de Jesus-Ayson, E. G. T. & Borski, R. J.(2010)。提高菲律宾乳鱼生产效率的替代喂养策略。技术报告:调查2007-2009(第1卷,第79-96页)。美国俄勒冈州科瓦利斯:俄勒冈州立大学水生鱼类合作研究支持项目。
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