马来西亚水产养殖饲料配方中替代膳食成分的现状与开发及利用
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2013年,捕捞渔业在马来西亚贡献了85%(148万吨)的鱼类生产。额外的17.6%(261,000毫秒)被记录为逐捕鱼(FBC)。相反,水产养殖贡献了15%(260,800吨)的鱼类产量(49.0%海洋鱼和51.0%淡水鱼)。估计的150,000毫巴FBC被加工到每年生产30,000毫米的鱼粉(FM)。2013年,16,600吨FM,价值超过50万(15.6百万美元),而7,700公吨以3300万(1030万美元)的价值为进口。FBCS可能包括鱼,甲壳类动物,软体动物等。每个FBC样品的质量根据鱼的量而不同,并且随着季节和渔场而变化。在Aquafeed行业中使用FM,植物蛋白质来源和鱼油(FO)尚不清楚。然而,基于海洋鱼和虾饲料价格,在Aquafed中使用FM和FO估计为30-40%。还讨论了使用家禽副产品膳食,发酵虾头废物,大豆膳食,棕榈油和大豆油以及在白虾农业中使用生物氟化技术的Aquafeed中的FM和FO替代品。 In order to improve feed and feeding practices, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia conducted good aquaculture practices on feeding management, feed formulation and fish nutrition courses to stakeholders (farmers and government officials). In addition, there are measures taken to monitor feed and feeding practices through random auditing process in aquaculture farms in Malaysia based on Good Aquaculture Practices (MyGAP) and Animal Feed Act 2009. Due to the increasing price of FM and FO, the aquafeed industry has started to replace in the feed formulations since the increasing feed cost has hindered farmers from buying aquafeed. As a result, there were traces of porcine DNA detected in almost all commercial aquafeed. Additionally, aquaculture farmers tend to formulate their own farm-made aquafeed instead of using commercial pellets. Thus, in order to sustain fish production, Department Fisheries promotes farming and consumption of omnivorous and herbivorous fish species as tilapia, catfish and grass carp. In addition, the Department of Fisheries also organizes Aquaculture Practices Awareness programs among aquafeed manufacturers and farmers to implement relevant rules and act to reduce the use of FM and FO. Lastly, research and development on FM and FO substitution in aquafeed with locally available ingredients are still ongoing and being done by Department of Fisheries, universities and the private sector.
建议引用
马纳夫,M。SA.,&奥马尔,A。FM(2015). 马来西亚水产养殖饲料配方中替代饲料成分的现状、开发和使用。单位:M。R卡塔库坦,右。M高卢和B。O。Acosta(编辑),《水产养殖饲料配方中替代膳食成分或鱼粉替代品的开发和使用:水产养殖饲料配方中替代膳食成分或鱼粉替代品开发和使用东盟区域技术协商会议记录》,2014年12月9日至11日,内比都,缅甸(第15-21页)。Tigbauan,Iloilo,菲律宾:水产养殖部,东南亚渔业发展中心。