印度尼西亚水产养殖配方中替代膳食成分的Aquafeed开发利用
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抽象的
印度尼西亚水产养殖中的鱼类产量持续从2009年的170万吨迅速增长到2013年4.0百万吨(不包括海藻)。这与2009年995,000公吨的总饲料产量增加至2013年的142万吨,大约90%的饲料分布在农业区域是由饲料行业生产的。为了满足快速增长的水产养殖业的需求,需要开发新的高品质蛋白质成分,以减少对鱼粉(FM)的依赖。尽管印度尼西亚的当地FM生产高,但总产量的占5%的时间用于Aquafed,其余的主要出口到日本。对于淡水物种,已经为商业饮食中使用FM减少使用FM的努力。如今,淡水种类商业饮食中FM的含量约为5-11%。虾和海洋物种仍然配制成虾的范围为20-30%的Fm,虾类上的> 30%的海洋物种。植物成分的植物成分,特别是大豆膳食(SBM)已分替代FM作为膳食蛋白。然而,随着全国大豆在该国的所有国家产量都是为了坦皮和豆腐加工,也可以完全得到SBM。由于近70%的商业饮食中的成分是进口成分,商业Aquafeed的价格通过多年来增加,而且与鲤鱼,罗非鱼,鲶鱼,鲶鱼和紫鱼等低价物种的鱼类相比,商业Aquafeed的价格不竞争。在印度尼西亚的几个地区,包括Sumatera和Kalimantan Island,由于商业饮食的获得有限,个人或农民集团由个人或农民组制定了小规模饲料行业或农场饲料。 Generally, the farmers use local feed ingredients which are available in their areas such as local fish meal, copra/palm cake meal, rice bran and tapioca. However, the quality of the diets produced varies among groups. Many nutritional studies have been conducted to find alternative protein sources. Local animal sources including shrimp head meal, blood meal, golden snail and vermi meal can be included in diet at rate of 8-30% for grouper species. The use of plant ingredients has been extensively evaluated particularly on herbivorous and omnivorous species to develop least-cost diet formulation. Plant ingredients containing > 20% protein such as copra cake meal, rubber seed, Leucaena leaf, and aquatic weed could be used in diet at different levels from 10-60% depending on the species. The presence of anti-nutritional compounds in plant ingredients is the main constraint in their use in aquafeed. Bio-processing using proper microorganism has been developed to improve their quality. More focus and in-depth research to minimize the negative effects of anti-nutritional compounds and to develop technique of their mass production are recommended.
建议引用
租住,A.,&Kristanto,A. H.(2015)。印度尼西亚水产养殖配方替代膳食成分的Aquafeed开发与利用。In M. R. Catacutan, R. M. Coloso, & B. O. Acosta (Eds.), Development and Use of Alternative Dietary Ingredients or Fish Meal Substitutes in Aquaculture Feed Formulation : Proceedings of the ASEAN Regional Technical Consultation on Development and Use of Alternative Dietary Ingredients or Fish Meal Substitutes in Aquaculture Feed Formulation, 9-11 December 2014, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar (pp. 3-13). Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.